Gushaza inzu si uguhuza gusa ubwiza n’imikorere, ariko kandi ni ugushiramwo amahera y’igihe kirekire-mu buzima bwiza. Ariko rero, mu gihe c’ubwubatsi nyabwo no mu guhitamwo ibikoresho, kenshi ukugenzura uburyo birananirwa kubera ukubura uburongozi butunganye, bikaba bituma haba ingorane nk’ibikoresho bitari vyiza, ubuhinga butari bwiza, n’ugucererwa kw’imigambi. Ku bw’ivyo, gushinga uburyo bwo kugenzura uburyo bwo gushaza mu nzu bushingiye ku buhinga no kugenzura ata gufyina intambwe yose, kuva ku guhingura no guhitamwo ibikoresho gushika ku kwubaka, ni co kintu nyamukuru cotuma ibisharizo vyo mu nzu bikora neza kandi bikagumaho.
Imbere-Igenzura ry'uburyo mu gihe c'Iciciro c'Igishushanyo
Ico gishushanyo ni co gishushanyo co gushaza inzu, kandi ukuntu gihuye n’ubwenge kiragira ico gikoze ata guca ku ruhande ku buryo n’igiciro c’ubwubatsi buzokurikira. Mu gihe co kugenzura uburyo, ibi bikurikira bikwiye kwibandako mu gihe c’uguhingura:
1. Ibikorwa n’Ibikorwa: Ico gishushanyo gikwiye kwitwararika neza ingeso z’ubuzima z’abayibamwo kugira ngo ntihagire amakosa yo mu gishushanyo yoshobora gutuma umuntu adashobora gukoresha neza mu nyuma. Nk’akarorero, ahantu hadahagije ho kubika ibintu be n’ukuntu amashanyarazi adateye neza birashobora kugabanya ubuzima.
2. Uguhuza kw’ibikoresho n’uburyo bwo kubikora: Abahinguzi b’ibintu bakwiye gutegura uburyo bwo kwubaka bukwiye bishingiye ku mico y’ibikoresho vyatowe. Nk’akarorero, amabuye y’agaciro yo hasi asaba gukingira-ugunyerera no gukingira amabara-, mu gihe ibikoresho vy’ibiti bisaba gukingira ubukonje no gukingira gusambuka.
3.Standardization and Executable: Ibishushanyo vy’imigero bikwiye kwerekana neza ingero, ibikoresho, n’ibisabwa kugira ngo bigabanye ukutumvikana mu gihe c’ubwubatsi no kumenya neza ko abakozi bashobora kubitahura neza no kubishira mu ngiro.
Guhitamwo ibikoresho no gusuzuma ahantu -
Ubwiza bw’ibikoresho ni bwo bugena ata guca ku ruhande ukuntu ibisharizo vyo mu nzu bizokwamaho kandi bikagira umutekano. Mu gihe c'amasoko n'igihe co gutanga ibicuruzwa ku kibanza, ingingo zikurikira zitegerezwa gukurikizwa ata guca ku ruhande:
1.Isubiramwo ry’ubushobozi bw’abaguzi: Gushira imbere abaguzi b’icubahiro bafise ivyemezo vy’uburyo (nk’ivyemezo vya ISO n’ivy’ibidukikije) kugira ngo wirinde ikigeragezo co gukoresha ibikoresho vy’agaciro gatoyi kubera ibiciro bito.
2.Igerageza ry’Ibikorwa vy’Ibikoresho: Gufata ivyitegererezo no kugerageza ibikoresho nyamukuru (nk’ibipande, ivyuma, n’ibikoresho) bituma vyubahiriza ingingo mfatirwako z’igihugu. Nk’akarorero, ibipimo nk’ivyuka biva muri formaldehyde be n’ibipimo vy’ukudashobora guterwa n’amazi bitegerezwa kuba bihuye n’ingingo mfatirwako.
3.Ku-Uburyo bwo Gusuzuma Ikibanza: Igihe ibikoresho vyose bishitse, bitegerezwa gusuzumwa ku bijanye n’ibara, ikigereranyo, n’ingero bihuye n’ibisabwa mu masezerano n’umugero, kandi bikagenzurwa ko ata vyononekaye, ko bihindutse, n’ibindi bibazo. Ibikoresho bitabereye bitegerezwa guca bikurwa aho hantu, bikabuzwa gukoreshwa mu kwubaka.
Gukurikirana neza inzira y'ubwubatsi
Intambwe y'ubwubatsi ni yo nzira nyamukuru yo kugenzura uburyo, isaba uburyo bumwe n'ugukurikirana igihe nyaco kugira ngo intambwe yose ihuye n'ibisabwa:
1.Ishirwa mu ngiro ry’Itegeko ry’Ubwubatsi: Ishirahamwe ry’ubwubatsi ritegerezwa gukurikiza neza uburyo bwashinzwe. Nk’akarorero, gutera uruhome bitegerezwa kuba bimeze neza kandi bitagira imyobo, kandi gutera amabuye y’agaciro bitegerezwa gutuma habaho ibihengeri bimwe kandi ntihagire imyobo. Abagenzuzi bategerezwa gusuzuma aho hantu ubudasiba no gukosora ata guca ku ruhande ingorane iyo ari yo yose babonetse.
2.Igenzura ry’ingenzi ry’ibikorwa vyihishijwe: Imigambi yihishije nk’iy’amazi n’iy’amazi itegerezwa gusuzumwa mu buryo budasanzwe imbere y’uko ifungwa. Nk’akarorero, igerageza ry’umuvuduko w’imiyoboro y’amazi n’igerageza ry’uburemere bw’amazi-y’uruzitiro rwo gukingira amazi bitegerezwa guhura n’igihe n’ingingo ngenderwako vyategekanijwe; ahandi ho, intambwe ikurikira ntishobora gukorwa.
3.Uburinganire hagati y’Iterambere n’Uburyo: Irinde gutanga ubwiza kubera kwihuta. Nk’akarorero, gutera irangi bitegerezwa gukorwa mu bihe vy’ubushuhe n’ubukonje bikwiye; kwumisha vyihuse bishobora gutuma umuntu asaduka canke akavyimba. IV. Kwemera n'inyuma -Ingwati y'ugurisha
Ubwiza bwa nyuma bw'umugambi wo gushaza butegerezwa kwemezwa biciye mu nzira y'ukwemera itunganijwe, kandi uburyo buramba-inyuma y'-ugucuruza butegerezwa gushingwa:
1.Phase-Based Acceptation: Ibikorwa vy'umushinge (nk'ivy'amazi, ivy'amashanyarazi, n'ivy'amazi), ibikorwa vyo hagati (nk'ivy'ugutera ivyuma, ivy'ibiti, n'ivy'ugupfuka inkuta), n'intambwe ya nyuma (nk'ivy'uguheza muri rusangi) vyose bitegerezwa gusuzumwa ku giti cabo kugira ngo ikibazo cose gitorerwe umuti vuba.
2.User-Participated Evaluation: Mu gihe c’ukwemera, nyen’inzu akwiye kwigenzura ubwiwe ibintu nyamukuru (nk’uguhinduranya ama switch n’uguhagarara kw’ibikoresho), akoresheje ibikoresho vyihariye (nk’urugero canke colorimeter) nk’isuzuma ry’inyongera iyo bikenewe.
3.Inyuma y'ugurisha-Uburyo bwo gusubiza: Amashirahamwe y'ugushaza akwiye gutanga igihe gitomoye co kwizera uburyo kandi agaca yishura vuba ku bibazo vyose vy'igihe gito-nk'ugusaduka no gusenyuka, yerekana inshingano n'ubuhinga.
Iciyumviro
Gucungera uburyo bwo gushaza mu nzu si ikintu gikomeye gikenewe ku ntambwe imwe; ihuriye ku nzira yose kuva ku guhingura, ibikoresho, kwubaka, n'inyuma-ugurisha. Biciye mu gutegura ibintu mu buryo bwa siyansi, mu kugenzura bimwe bikomeye no mu gukomeza gutuma ibintu bigenda neza, ni ho gusa dushobora gushika ku buringanire hagati y’ubwiza n’ubushobozi, tukagira ahantu heza ho kuba mu rugo abatuye muri twebwe harimwo umutekano, heza kandi haramba.
